Farmer Insights

We brought diverse agricultural producers together to talk about the future of agriculture — what real-world issues would make possible changes more or less likely to happen?

Our Focus Groups

Over the past year, we have been conducting focus groups across Georgia, Nebraska, and Ohio. In each state, we held one focus group with farmers growing their state's dominant commodity crops, one with farmers growing crops outside their state's typical mix, and one with young farmers — for a total of 9 focus groups.

Each session started with a plain-language overview of the model we use to make crop projections. We were upfront that its assumptions are purposefully naïve: it is informed exclusively by changing environmental and climatic variables — by default, it holds everything constant that shapes agricultural landscapes except biophysical variables like soil type, precipitation, and temperature.

Farmer Focus Group Themes

Our focus groups revealed three broad archetypes of farming operations — each with distinct concerns, constraints, and perspectives on the future. Hover or tap each card to learn more.

Commodity

Commodity

Farmers growing dominant regional commodity crops (e.g., corn, soybean, cotton, peanut, hay)

Alternative

Alternative

Farmers producing niche, organic, non-GMO, or direct-market crops and using alternative farming practices

Young

Young

Farmers aged mid-40s or younger, representing producers planning for long-term future agricultural change

What We Asked

After sharing state-specific projections about how their state's cropping mix could change in the coming years, we asked farmers a few core questions:

  • Do these projections seem realistic to you?
  • What factors do you think matter most for predicting crop suitability?
  • What influences what you actually decide to grow?

What We Learned

The cards below capture the factors that emerged from our first round of focus groups as particularly salient — the issues producers across all states mentioned most often and emphasized as especially critical when considering what crops will become more or less likely in the future.

Availability of Labor

Captures the impact of a willing, available labor force.
"You can't find enough people to help on your farm."

Commodity Prices Received

Captures the impact of commodity crop prices.
"If you can't make it pencil on paper for what the commodity prices are, you're not going to be able to make any money."

Cost of Inputs

Captures the impact of all input costs, including machinery, digital technologies, startup costs, and land.
"Land prices are astronomical. That's kind of the biggest cap on that. Just cost, cost and land."

Existence & Proximity of Market

Captures the impact of whether a convenient market for a given crop exists.
"But right now, there's no place to leverage sorghum."

Existing Infrastructure

Captures the impact of available storage and processing facilities, as well as transportation.
"If you had a way to process it, I think that millet would do a great job."

Existing Machinery

Captures the constraining impact of already-owned machinery.
"You cannot sell a cotton picker right now... I have a million dollar machine sitting there... you are locked into growing cotton."

Farmer Adaptation

Captures the impact of farmers' ability to change their on-farm practices in response to new conditions.
"I see a lot of small family farms that are going to specialty crops or just trying to diversify and maybe doing even the agritourism piece."

Federal Commodity Supports

Captures the impact of resources provided by federal programs to support agricultural commodity production.
"We gotta remember, government policy is a huge driver. We shifted from the 70s to farming fence row."

Future Technology

Captures the impact of future advances in technology and mechanization.
"You know, we develop products to protect the crops that we grow, put pivots on dry land."

Future Weather

Captures the impacts of changes in extreme weather events, rainfall, and temperature in the coming decades.
"If we have more heat and a little bit more precipitation, I will be less inclined to plant sorghum as I will corn."

Inherent Crop Characteristics

Captures the impact of different crops' and varieties' relative traits.
"Peanuts tend to do decently well in sandy dirt too."